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Tongan grandfather shot dead in vehicle in East Auckland

A Tongan grandfather was reportedly the victim of a deadly shooting on Monday morning in the East Auckland suburb of Pakuranga.

Saia Kokohu Vī. Photo/Supplied

A relative close to the family, who wished to remain anonymous, has shared the tragic incident with Kaniva News.

Meanwhile, relatives and what appeared to be family members have identified the victim on social media as Saia Kokohu Vi.

“RIP Dad Saia Kokohu Vi , ofa lahi atu”, a Facebook poster, who identified the deceased as their father, wrote in Tongan expressing their love for him.

“Ofa lahi atu Saia Kokohu Vi keke toka he nonga he aho ta’eiloa mo fkloloma . Ofa atu ki he uitou moe famili hono kotoa”, another poster identified the victim and offered condolences to the wife and their family.

Police descended on Marvon Downs Ave in Pakuranga, after locals reported hearing a series of gunshots about 6.45am.

One person was found injured inside a vehicle at the intersection of Marvon Downs Ave and Pixie Pl and died at the scene.

“There will be a significant Police presence in the area this morning, as we work to find out what has occurred and who is responsible,” a police spokesperson said.

Detective Inspector Kerry Watson told media from the cordon that this was a “critical incident”.

He was unable to confirm any injuries but said there were going to be a lot of police resources in the area.

“It’s going to take us some time to piece together what happened in the events that led up to this critical incident.”

Pakuranga residents reported on social media they had seen at least 14 police cars and a number of armed officers. Ambulances were also in attendance and the police Eagle helicopter was in the air overhead.

Armed police are standing guard on the entrances to the street and a section has been taped off.

Local school Elm Park said a “strong police presence” has responded to the incident.

“Police have responded to, please note there is no immediate danger to Elm Park School,” school principal Sarah Baleicakau said in a message to the school community.

“I have spoken to the police this morning and have been fully assured the school can remain open,” Baleicakau added.

Watson said they would be focused on making sure children got to school safely.

Widow asks why Westport hospital sent Filipino carpenter home before his death

By Lee Scanlon of Westport News

Liselie Lozano was on the phone from the Philippines to her husband in Westport when he collapsed.

The Lozano family, from left: Lois, Hermone, Leo, Durt, Liselie and Eowyn (front).

Photo: Supplied

She heard his roommate cry to another flatmate: “Come here, come here, we’ll help Leo because he’s dying already.”

An hour later Leonides Lozano, 51, was pronounced dead at the Westport acute stabilisation unit (hospital).

Tomorrow he will be laid to rest in the Philippines. “I did not expect him to go home to us in a coffin,” Liselie said.

She wants to know why Westport hospital let Leo go home with extremely high blood pressure just hours before he died and why he was not given an ECG.

Leo Lozano’s death on 17 July has prompted a Serious Incident Review by Health NZ. His death has left his wife and four children, aged eight to 28, without a husband, father and sole breadwinner.

Speaking from their home in the Philippines, Liselie Lozano told The Westport News she was angry at the way her husband had been treated.

She said Leo went to Westport hospital about 8am on 17 July complaining of pain in his stomach, radiating to his backbone. A doctor believed the pain came from Leo’s stomach ulcers.

Liselie and Leonides Lozano in happier times.

Liselie was in the Philippines and talking on the phone to her husband Leo in Westport when he collapsed. Photo: Supplied

Liselie said she was on a video call with Leo when a doctor took his blood pressure. The first reading was so high, the doctor took it again. The reading was the same – 192.

“The doctor explained to Leo, ‘Your BP is high because of the stomach ulcers’.”

Leo was already on maintenance medication for his high blood pressure.

Liselie said she felt relieved her husband was being cared for in hospital. She expected he would stay there and receive treatment to reduce his blood pressure.

At midday she video-called Leo again. He was still in the hospital, eating lunch. He told her he had had blood tests and the results would decide whether he was admitted.

At 1.30pm Liselie video-called Leo again. He was driving back to the Cape Foulwind home he shared with workmates.

He told her, “The doctor said I’m OK, I can go out”, and to return to the hospital if he felt worse.

He was also told the hospital had sent a prescription to Buller Pharmacy for him, but it was not there when he called for it. The pharmacy told him to return at 4pm, Liselie said.

She called Leo back at 4.30pm. He told her he had only been prescribed omeprazole – a medicine commonly used to treat conditions like ulcers which produce too much acid in the stomach.

Liselie was shocked.

“I tell him, ‘The doctor did not give you medicine for your BP to go down?’ He said ‘no’… “I was very, very scared.”

Liselie said she told Leo to go back to the hospital. She heard him about to ask a roommate to drive him there when Leo collapsed.

“Leo’s roommate heard a loud thud and when he [opened] the door he saw Leo lying on the floor.”

The roommate called to their flatmate: “Come here, come here, we’ll help Leo because he’s dying already.”

Liselie shouted Leo’s name. He did not answer.

“Total silence already. I shout three times, and then all I can hear is the voice of Leo like, ‘Ah, ah, (gasping)’.

“I want to help him, I want to carry him, but all I have is my phone only in my hand … I’m helpless.”

Leo’s workmates knew he had been at the hospital that morning and rushed him back – a 10-minute drive from Cape Foulwind. Attempts to revive him failed and he was pronounced dead at 5.30pm.

Health NZ West Coast has previously refused to answer questions from The News, or to explain why Hato Hone St John Ambulance and local volunteer firefighters were called to the hospital to assist.

Health NZ West Coast would say only that the hospital – which has been plagued by short staffing and closures – was open and staffed as normal.

Health NZ West Coast has also refused to say whether there was a doctor on site when emergency services were called. The News understands there was not.

Liselie said she had later asked why her husband had been allowed to go home when his blood pressure was 192.

The doctor told her they had seen Leo eating his lunch and Leo had said: “I’m fine, good, no more pain.”

Hermone and Durt Lozano with their father's coffin.

Hermone and Durt Lozano with their father’s coffin. Photo: Supplied

Liselie asked why her husband had died.

“The doctor told me the stomach ulcers of Leo had burst and then they saw three and a half litres of blood in his stomach. And that was the cause of his cardiac arrest because no blood going to his heart.”

Liselie gave permission for an autopsy. It found “acute aortic dissection in the context of severe hypertensive heart disease, complicated by haemopericardium which was unretrievable”.

That means Leo had extremely high blood pressure, his main artery had ruptured, and blood had poured into the tissue surrounding his heart. It was an unsurvivable event.

“It is the opposite of what the doctor told me, that his stomach ulcer burst,” Liselie said. “That’s why I’m very angry. I still have four children here and Leo is the only one who support us.”

The family has three daughters: Hermone, eight, Eowyn 18 and Lois 28, and a son Durt, 11. Their father had been in Westport since February 2023, working as a carpenter for South Peak Homes.

Liselie said South Peak had told Leo the day before he died that his job was being made redundant and he would have to return to the Philippines if he could not find other work.

She said he was very stressed by the bad news.

South Peak was now paying her husband’s bank loans and had paid for his body to return to the Philippines, she said.

Leo had planned to apply for New Zealand residency for himself next year and bring his family to New Zealand to join him.

“What will we do now? …Leo is the only one who provide for us, he’s the family man, he’s the breadwinner.”

Liselie said she had spoken to doctors in the Philippines who thought New Zealand was a “good country” and could not understand what had happened.

“My husband paid tax, big tax, then a single medicine for my husband for his blood pressure to go down, the doctor did not give him. Why the doctor only give him omeprazole?”

Neither she nor Leo had received the results of the blood tests he had had in the hospital, she said.

– This story was first published by Westport News

Tonga drug bust: 17 people arrested, Comanchero gang clothing, patches and Harley-Davidson motorcycle seized  

Tonga Police have arrested and charged 17 people in relation to seizure of more than 6 kilograms of methamphetamine, vehicles and assets linked to Comanchero motorcycle gang imported into the kingdom from the United States.

Two of those arrested are suspected to be members of the Comanchero Outlaw Motorcycle Gang.

The confiscated assets associated with the Comanchero included jackets, drug paraphernalia, T-shirts, hoodies, jacket vests, and 13 patches.

The police also seized TOP$12,058 in cash, firearms, ammunitions and eight vehicles.

The raids also led to the arrests of a Customs Officer and a HM Prisons Officer, who have now been charged with offences in relation to the import, a police statement said.

As Kaniva News reported last week a prison officer had been arrested and more officers had been investigated after illicit drugs and drug paraphernalia were seized from a vehicle at the prison compound. We also reported that a Customs Officer was also arrested last week after a container allegedly containing illicit drugs was released to the public.

Police investigations are still ongoing, but evidence obtained so far suggested that the importation of methamphetamine was organised from within prison by a prisoner who is currently serving a sentence at Hu’atolitoli Prison, the Police said in a statement.

Comanchero Motorcycle gang

The news comes amid reports by local media that Tonga police had been investigating two suspects of the Comanchero motorcycle gang who had been deported from Australia to Tonga, apparently trying to increase the presence of the gang in the kingdom.

Police said this afternoon Monday 19 they had seized methamphetamine weighing 3.5kg imported into Tonga in a crate from the United States, eight vehicles, one Harley-Davidson motorcycle, TOP$12,058 in cash, four cash counting machines, 16 mobile phones and other devices, four Comanchero Outlaw Motorcycle Gang jackets and drug paraphernalia.

All suspects have been charged, including charges in relation to the importation of methamphetamine and the possession of illicit drugs and drug utensils. Two of the persons arrested are alleged to be members of the Comanchero Outlaw Motorcycle Gang. Another two of the persons arrested have been specifically charged in relation to a previous seizure by the Drugs Squad, of over 5 kilograms of methamphetamine in April 2024.

Over the past week, Tonga Police have uncovered illicit drug operations involving the importation, intended sale and distribution of methamphetamine in the Kingdom, and the laundering of the proceeds by persons and businesses to facilitate the ongoing purchase and import of methamphetamine.

The discovery resulted from controlled operations, led by the Tonga Police Drugs Squad (“Drugs Squad”) in close collaboration with the Ministry of Revenue & Customs.

On 9 August 2024, Tonga Police conducted raids at multiple locations in Tongatapu which led to the seizure of 2.6 kilograms of methamphetamine imported into the Kingdom in a crate from the United States.

 On 13 – 14 August 2024, the Drugs Squad and other Police units again conducted raids at multiple locations in Tongatapu which resulted in the arrest of four (4) females and nine (9) males between the age of twenty-two (22) to forty-eight (48), for illicit drugs offences.

All suspects have been charged, including charges in relation to the importation of methamphetamine and the possession of illicit drugs and drug utensils.

Two of those arrested have been specifically charged in relation to a previous seizure by the Drugs Squad, of over 5kg of methamphetamine in April 2024.

Ma’ufanga storage

On 15 August 2024, Police seized a large amount of clothing from a storage unit at Ma’ufanga, linked to one of the suspects arrested on 13 August 2024; the clothing consisted of 90 Comanchero T-shirts, hoodies and jacket vests, plus 13 Comanchero Patches.

On 16 August 2024, Police arrested a prominent businessman and searched his offices at ‘Umusi. He has been arrested for money laundering, in relation to his role in facilitating payments of the proceeds from the import and supply of illicit drugs from the Kingdom to drug importers in the United States.

On 17 August 2024, the Drugs Squad and the Tonga Police Tactical Response Group raided a residence at Hofoa and arrested a male who had just returned to the Kingdom from the United States. He was arrested for the importation into the Kingdom of the methamphetamine on 13 August 2024.

All suspects and seized items are currently in police custody.

“Tonga Police is sending a clear message to organized crime syndicates involved in the illegal importation Of drugs and laundering Of the proceeds, and OMCGs (Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs): we will not tolerate any illegal activities, and we will do everything in our power to identify, disrupt and bring to justice those involved in drug trafficking and money laundering, and to seize and confiscate the proceeds and assets purchased with the proceeds of crime”, the statement said.

“We need to strongly remind the public that the illegal import and export of illicit drugs (Class A) can result in life imprisonment.

“Tonga Police would also like to warn the public about the increased presence and illegal activities of the Comanchero OMCG (Outlaw Motorcycle Gang) in our community. There is no place in the Kingdom of Tonga for gangs and those who wish to associate with them and their illegal activities.

“Tonga Police is committed to working with Customs and other stakeholders in Tonga and with our international partners to ensure that Tonga is not a haven for criminals and gangs.

We encourage anyone with information about illicit drug activities and Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (particularly the Comanchero OMCG) to contact Tonga Police at phone numbers 740-1657, 740-1660, or 922 to assist us in ensuring the safety of our families and communities”.

Homicide investigation launched after man died with gunshot wound in Pakuranga Heights

By rnz.co.nz and is republished with permission

Police have launched a homicide investigation following the death of a man in Pakuranga Heights on Monday morning.

Police door-knocking in Pakuranga on Monday 19 August 2024 after a person found wounded in a car died.

Police door-knocking in Pakuranga on Monday 19 August 2024 after a series of gunshots, and the death of a person found wounded in a car. Photo: RNZ / Lucy Xia

Armed police amassed at the intersection of Marvon Downs Avenue and Pixie Place about 6.45am after reports of gunfire.

Officers found a person with agunshot wound in a vehicle who died at the scene.

Counties Manukau CIB Detective Inspector Shaun Vicker said the investigation was in the early stages of determining what happened.

“The community can expect to see an increased police presence in the area today and in coming days as we work to piece together what has led to this and who is responsible.

“We are continuing to speak to a number of people in the area at the time and are keen to hear from anyone who hasn’t already spoken with us.”

Police are still looking for the people they believe are responsible for the shooting.

Neighbours report screaming, ‘deafening’ gunshots before man died

Neighbour Kelly Lambert was startled awake when gunshots rang out from across the street.

“I just woke up at about 6:35am and heard five gunshots really loudly,” she said.

“My husband went out the driveway and heard some screaming [so] we rang the police.”

She said it was a shock to have something like this happen so close to home.

“It definitely gave me the shivers, because the gunshots were quite deafening.

“But I think the police have it under control… I’m not afraid for our safety.”

Another resident, Saf Khan, was also woken by the gunshots.

“I heard five gunshots in rapid succession, it was pretty loud at that time of the morning so I’m sure it woke up a lot of people,” he said.

“When you hear gunshots that close to your house it is a bit concerning, we go for walks down that street so it’s very surprising.”

Neighbour Adam Alkhatib feared his peaceful neighbourhood was becoming unsafe.

“It’s quite worrying… I’ve been here for a long time and it’s never been like this,” he said.

“There’s definitely a spike in crime, we feel a lack of safety.”

Person dies in car after gunfire in Auckland’s Pakuranga

By rnz.co.nz and is republished with permission

A person found wounded in a car after a series of gunshots in Auckland’s Pakuranga has died, police say.

A person has been found deceased in a vehicle following the sound of gunshots in Marvon Downs Ave, Pakuranga Heights

Photo: Stacey Samuel

Armed police swarmed at the intersection of Marvon Downs Avenue and Pixie Place about 6.45am on Monday after reports of gunfire.

They found a person injured in a car.

A person has been found deceased in a vehicle following the sound of gunshots in Marvon Downs Ave, Pakuranga Heights

Photo: Stacey Samuel

“The were attended to by medical services, but sadly have died at the scene,” police said in a statement.

Police said they would have a heavy presence in the area throughout the day.

A local school principal said there was a strong police presence in the area as police dealt with an incident.

Elm Park School said there was no immediate danger to the school but the police activity could may disrupt access.

The school had been “fully assured” it could stay open, the principal said.

Pahiatua homes inundated by floodwater as heavy rain pounds area

By rnz.co.nz and is republished with permission

Residents of Pahiatua have lost belongings, including a child’s crib, to flooding, while others were “shocked” when they woke to find their homes completely surrounded by water.

Heavy rain overnight left several streets in the Tararua District town under water, and the council said about two dozen properties were affected.

By Sunday afternoon the flooding had largely receded, although some yards were still submerged.

Follow RNZ’s live coverage of the wild weather here.

Huxley Street resident Sarah Popata said the water surrounding her house had gone down, but she was drying out her kitchen, which leaked during the downpour.

Flooding in Pahiatua and Tararua District, on 18 August, 2024.

About two dozen homes were affected by the flooding. Photo: Supplied/ Luke Chandler

“The flood got into my house through the roof. My kitchen carpet was all wet and we had to put out pots last night to try and grab the rain

“The neighbours have brought me over a dehumidifier to help… It was a little bit of a mess,” she said.

She hoped her landlords had insurance.

Around the corner on Wilson Street, residents said floodwaters were deep on Sunday morning before they receded when the rain stopped. But by the afternoon the water was on the rise again, and Downer workers were pumping it into drains.

Flooding in Pahiatua and Tararua District, on 18 August, 2024.

Some people’s belongings were destroyed by the floodwater. Photo: Supplied/ Luke Chandler

Natasha Figgess said when she woke at 6.50am the water was about halfway up to her house on her lawn.

Over the road it was higher. She said she was not too worried about the prospect of more rain.

Downer NZ traffic management worker Mike Fiti was going door-to-door on the street.

“We’re just letting people know that there’s an evacuation site down at the hall and just giving them some numbers so they can call, so if they need help they know what to do.

“They’re pretty shocked from this morning at how high the water got, but the residents here are holding up in pretty good spirit.”

Mike Fiti of Downer has spent Sunday working on traffic controls and updating residents in Tararua District about the floodwater, on Sunday 18 August, 2024.

Mike Fiti of Downer was going door-to-door. Photo: RNZ/ Jimmy Ellingham

A woman who lives on Huxley Street said she woke in the morning to see her house surrounded by water, which was scary, especially with her grandchild staying.

She and her husband’s storage shed was flooded, so they had lost a lawn mower, golf clubs and their grandchild’s crib.

Heavy rain warnings remained in place for the Tararua Range until 10pm.

The town’s stormwater system reached capacity about 5am in the downpour, and earlier, Tararua mayor Tracey Collis asked people to avoid travel in or near the town, with a number of roads closed.

Pahiatua flooding, Mangatainoka River

The Mangatainoka River was very high on Sunday. Photo: Supplied / Sam Te Tau

Resident Sam Te Tau said he had not seen Mangatainoka River run this high in more than seven years of living in the area.

The town’s ageing infrastructure would struggle to clear the floodwaters if heavy rain continued to fall, he said.

“Our drainage systems here are quite old in the town, so they are often slow to clear the water.

“Where the flood waters are quite high, I can’t see them draining off quickly.”

Dricus Du Plessis gets Israel Adesanya to tap out at UFC 305

Middleweight champion Dricus Du Plessis pulled off a stunning victory and successful title defence on Saturday night, getting No. 2 contender Israel Adesanya to tap out in the fourth round of their championship fight at UFC 305 in Perth, Australia.

South Africa's Dricuc Du Plessis (L) and New Zealand's Israel Adesanya fight in their men's middleweight division event of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) 305 at the Perth Arena in Perth on August 18, 2024. (Photo by COLIN MURTY / AFP) / -- IMAGE RESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE - STRICTLY NO COMMERCIAL USE --

South Africa’s Dricuc Du Plessis (L) and New Zealand’s Israel Adesanya fight in their men’s middleweight division event of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) 305 at the Perth Arena in Perth on 18 August 2024. Photo: COLIN MURTY / AFP

In a highly anticipated main event that lived up to the billing, Adesanya — the former champion who was fighting for the first time since September of last year — took two of the first three rounds on one scorecard, while two other judges had Du Plessis leading 2-1 in rounds.

But with little more than a minute and a half left in the fourth, the South African Du Plessis landed three straight rights to send Adesanya stumbling around the octagon. Du Plessis then took Adesanya to the mat, jumped on his back and put a chokehold on his opponent.

Adesanya tapped out with 1:22 left in the round.

It was Du Plessis’ first successful title defence as the 30-year-old improved to 22-2-0 in his career. Adesanya is now 24-4-0 overall.

In the co-main event, Kai Kara-France emphatically announced his return to the flyweight division, ending a 14 1/2-month layoff with a stunning first-round stoppage win over Steve Erceg. With 1:10 left in the round, Kara-France sent Erceg to the mat with an overhand left. Erceg was able to get to his feet within a few seconds but Kara-France never relented, sending Erceg to the floor again with 59 seconds to go. The referee immediately stepped and ended the fight with 56 seconds on the clock.

Kara-France (25-11-0) last won a fight on March 26, 2022, beating Askar Askarov by unanimous decision. He was 0-2 between that fight and Saturday night.

While Adesanya-De Plessis was the headliner, perhaps no fighter had a bigger night than welterweight Carlos Prates. The UFC rookie, fighting in his third bout for the promotion, scored a historic victory in improving to 3-0 with the UFC.

The “Dana White’s Contender Series” alum became the first person to knock out veteran Li Jingliang, flooring the Chinese fighter a minute into the second round. The Brazilian Prates landed a series of blows to leave Jingliang stunned and slow to defend himself on the fence, then finished the job with a left hook.

Jingliang has fought exclusively with UFC for 10 years and fell to 19-9-0 in his overall career.

In other results from the main card:

** Lightweight: Dan Hooker def. Mateusz Gamrot, split decision (28-29, 29-28, 29-28)

** Heavyweight: Jairzinho Rozenstruik def. Tai Tuivasa, split decision (29-28, 27-30, 30-27)

–Field Level Media / Reuters

Earthquake felt by residents in Tonga

There is no tsunami threat after the magnitude 4.7 earthquake hit off the east coast of Tonga’s main island of Tongatapu and northwest of ‘Eua island this evening, according to Tonga Met Services at the Fua’amotu International Airport.

“Based on preliminary earthquake information from seis comp, tide gauge readings and advice from the Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre (PRWC), a small tsunami wave is not likely to pose a threat to Tonga”, it said.

The Ministry of Infrastructure has confirmed the earthquake on its Facebook account.

Tongatapu residents have reported their experience and reaction toward the earthquake on social media.

One resident in Houma, Tongatapu has just described the incident to Kaniva News as “significant” and “long”.

Meanwhile, a 5.3 magnitude earthquake was reported yesterday August 17 and it was 133 km from Nuku’alofa at 3:29 pm.

This evening’s earthquake reported in Tonga comes after a magnitude 7.0 earthquake hit off the coast of Russia this morning, according to the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Honolulu.

The quake struck at about 9.10am in Hawaii over 50 miles off the east coast of Russia’s Kamchatka region at a depth of about 32 miles, officials said.

“Based on all available data a destructive Pacific-wide tsunami is not expected and there is no tsunami threat to Hawaii,” PTWC officials said in an alert.

South Africa beats Australia 30-12 for second consecutive win in Rugby Championship

PERTH, Australia (AP) — South Africa scored three second-half tries Saturday to hand Australia a second loss in two weeks, beating the Wallabies 30-12 in a rain-soaked Rugby Championship match.

South Africa, which led 11-9 at halftime, outclassed the Wallabies 33-7 last Saturday in Brisbane to hand Australia its first defeat of the season after three wins.

The Springboks went ahead 18-9 in the 43rd minute Saturday and after a Wallabies penalty goal increased its lead to 23-12 when hooker Malcolm Marx rolled over from a driving maul in the 64th minute. They scored their final try with six minutes remaining when Marx again scored from a maul with the Wallabies playing a man short before more than 58,000 fans in Perth.

“It’s been an amazing two weeks coming down, getting two victories,” South Africa lock Eben Etzebeth said. “It doesn’t happen a lot. The Wallabies are a quality outfit … we knew they would come out hard tonight and that’s exactly what they did. Good result in the end.”

On coach Rassie Erasmus making 10 changes to the starting side from last week’s match at Brisbane, Etzebeth said: “I think he’s a genius. They were great. Obviously the guys off the bench, they came on to finish. It was a good squad this whole tour.”

Japan-based South Africa utility back Jesse Kriel also credited Erasmus with the team’s strong play.

“I think with Rassie, it is more about his mindset and encouraging us as players to go out there, express ourselves, not to be scared to make mistakes,” Kriel said. “It is exciting to be part of this team at the moment and play the brand of rugby we’re trying to play.”

Australia No. 8 Harry Wilson said the Springboks “won the big moments.”

“They turned up, they played some good footy,” Wilson said. “I felt we weren’t far off, but we’ve got to win the big moments.”

Australia coach Joe Schmidt said that, despite the loss, he was pleased with his team’s performance.

“I can’t fault the effort,” Schmidt said. “Trying to combat a Springbok maul with a fully-fit pack is tough enough. With kind of a little bit of half a pack, it became very difficult, then we ended up when Seru Uru got sin-binned, you know, that’s a really big ask.

The Wallabies lost both captain Allan Ala’alatoa (shoulder injury) and replacement skipper James Slipper (head injury assessment) to dent their chances of staying with the Springboks.

“This is the best team in the world,” Schmidt said. “This is no easy side to play against at the moment and we want to be mixing it with those teams.”

South Africa split a two-match series at home with Ireland and beat Portugal before heading to Australia. The Wallabies had two wins over Wales and a victory over Georgia to start Schmidt’s reign as coach.

The Rugby Championship continues in two weeks when the Wallabies travel to Argentina for a two-test trip and the Springboks host the All Blacks for two matches in South Africa.

No more needles? Insulin pill may revolutionise diabetes treatment

By rnz.co.nz and is republished with permission

The diabetic holy grail of an oral pill to supply insulin, instead of an injection, has so far stumped scientists – but a promising new attempt has been described as a ‘smart pill’.

Prescription medication.
Prescription medication. (Source: Getty)

The team, led by Dr Nick Hunt of the University of Sydney, have developed a nanotechnology-based insulin pill.

They have completed animal trials and are headed to human clinical trials next year.

Hunt told RNZ’s Saturday Morning they are hopeful their pill could be the answer, or at least a big step towards the end goal.

Approximately 75 million people with diabetes need to inject themselves daily with insulin. To work effectively, a pill needs to provide precise dose control, be fast acting, safe and cost effective, he says.

Their design uses a nano-scale material that is 1/10,000th the width of a human hair. The material protects it from being destroyed by stomach acid and instead surrounds the individual insulin molecules and becomes a ‘nano carrier’ – acting like a courier to ferry insulin molecules in the body to the places it needs to act.

Insulin balances sugars – but it’s a difficult balance

We need sugar as an energy to fuel our body, but either too much or too little sugar can cause serious harm and become fatal.

Insulin is an enzyme that helps our body break down the sugar, releasing energy our body can use.

“Insulin is a naturally occurring material,” Hunt said.

“In our body we… have blood sugar that we accumulate as we have meals throughout the day, and what happens for type 1 diabetics is they have an immune- mediated destruction of the cells that make insulin. So those people aren’t able to produce their own insulin – so we need to dose it ourselves.

“All we’re really able to do is do an injection of insulin and try and control that as much as possible – and you of course can give too much or too little, much like most drugs, and it’s a very fine margin about how best you can control that.”

Your brain is reliant on sugar to power it – but if someone takes too much insulin and the brain doesn’t get enough: “That’s when you can start get some really scary symptoms and signs for patients and people around them, where they could potentially lose consciousness or need to go to hospital.”

So synthetically made insulin is lifesaving, but difficult to dose perfectly as our bodies are such changeable systems – leaving diabetics vulnerable.

And the scale of the problem is considerable; diabetic emergencies that require either emergency treatment or hospital treatment happen 64,000 times year in Australia, Hunt said.

Not too little, not too much

The new smart insulin is designed to be taken as a pill that provides a varying dose, according to exactly what that person’s body’s needs are at that moment.

“The advantage of having a smart insulin is it can be… coded in a way to have a controlled release component, based on what your blood sugar levels were in the first place,” Hunt said.

For healthy people, our pancreas does that work – it releases just the right amount of insulin naturally: “Our pancreas… is a smart sensor that allows you to control the amount of release of insulin that you precisely need.

“What we’ve done is now just now is do that synthetically ourselves. So for our particular technology that we developed, it’s smart because it’s able to sense glucose, or more precisely a particular enzyme in the body that’s released when glucose is also present in the same system.”

If the person taking the pill has too much sugar in their blood, the insulin in the pill kick starts the process to break it down.

But, “if you don’t have a high enough blood sugar, you don’t get the release of the insulin from product. So it means you can’t have an adverse or an underdose from it.”

The challenges

Globally, more than 50 years research and $60 billion of investment have already been spent on trying to find a way to provide insulin as a pill, Hunt said.

“The trouble we’ve really faced is insulin is a really sensitive material.”

The digestion which occurs in the stomach naturally breaks down insulin, and previous attempts to mix insulin with materials to protect it as it travels through the stomach have produced other side effects, such as gastrointestinal upsets.

Earlier attempts to make a pill also ran into problems with how much insulin was needed in the formulation for it to work. One version made it to clinical trials, but required so much insulin that it was not cost-effective.

Hunt said while insulin is not costly to produce, pharmaceutical companies could charge a lot for it, particularly in the US. So to be useful, a pill needed to be effective without vast quantities of insulin.

Earlier research, and partnerships with other teams helped Hunt’s team, and he described the goal as a “marathon”.

“But there’s a lot of really good people out there in the world working really hard to try and get this technology developed, and hopefully at least one of us will have success in doing it in the next coming decade,” he said.

“We’re not just trying to solve oral formulation challenges for insulin, there’s a lot of other injectable technologies out there that would really benefit from having an oral tablet instead of an injection – particularly for daily management for people who need to have it for several days, years and potentially for the rest of their life.”

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